Oxford University researchers identified specific genetic mutation

Formation of human faces is a complex and superbly led development process, which occurs from four to eight weeks of embryonic development. Disruption of this development may lead to distortions of the head and face, including the incorrect configuration of the nose, cleft lip, and widely spaced eyes.

Most cases of disfigurement caused by damage to the developing embryo at an early stage of pregnancy, genetic causes are thought to be responsible for only a minority of cases, and these usually also applies to other parts of the body. No single gene mutation has previously been stated specifically that leads to facial malformations.
Genetic analysis showed that each of them carried two copies of a mutation in the gene ALX3. Mouse models for pre-stressed commitment to the equivalent of the gene produce a protein that regulates other genes involved in the development of the face - in other words, switching them on and off. By identifying and naming the state, scientists believe that they will be able to diagnose more cases and to ensure better genetic counseling.